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INFERIOR ASPECT OF SKULL - ANATOMICAL FEATURES

• anterior skull base = hard palate = osseous palate
  

• maxilla
  

• alveolar process

• maxillary tuberosity

• palatine process
• ±premaxilla = os incisivum = incisive bone
  

• intermaxillary suture
• ±premaxillary suture = incisive suture
• transverse palatine suture = palatomaxillary suture
  

• palatine bone

• horizontal part

• interpalatine suture = median palatine suture

• choana = posterior nasal aperture
  

• palatine bone

• horizontal part

• posterior nasal spine
• posterior edge
  

• perpendicular plate

• sphenoidal process

• median palatine suture

• vomer-palatine suture

• vomer

• ala

• sphenovomerine suture
• vomerovaginal suture
  

• sphenoid bone

• body

• rostrum

• medial pterygoid plate

• vaginal process

• pterygopalatine suture

• posterior skull base
  

• anterior portion = sphenoid bone
  
• sphenosquamosal suture = spheno temporal suture
• petro-sphenoidal suture
• basilar suture
  

• middle portion = temporal bone

• squamous part
• petrous part
• mastoid part
  

• petro-occipital suture
• occipitomastoid suture = mastoidal suture
• posterior portion = occipital bone
  

• zygomatic arch

• zygomatic bone
  

• temporal process

• zygomaticotemporal suture = temporozygomatic suture

• temporal bone

• zygomatic process

• infratemporal fossa
  

• zygomatic bone
  

•  temporal process

• zygomaticomaxillary suture
• sphenozygomatic suture
• zygomaticotemporal suture = temporozygomatic suture
  

• maxilla

• zygomatic process

• inferior orbital fissure

• sphenoid bone

• great wing

• temporal surface
• infratemporal crest
• infratemporal surface
  

• sphenosquamosal suture
• sphenopetrosal suture
  

• temporal bone

• temporal process

• maxilla

• alveolar process = alveolar arch (in articulated maxillae)

• teeth

• incisors
• canine tooth
• premolar teeth
• molar teeth
  

• palatine process

• incisive fossa = incisive foramen (in articulated maxillae)

• openings of incisive canals = foramina of Stenson ± foramina of Scarpa

• vascular foramina
• depressions for palatine glands
• groove for descending palatine vessels and anterior palatine nerve
  

• zygomatic process

• palatine bone

• horizontal part

• posterior nasal spine
• palatine crest
• greater palatine foramen
• groove for descending palatine vessels and anterior palatine nerve
  

• pyramidal process

• lesser palatine foramina

• perpendicular part

• sphenoidal process

• vomer

• ala

• pharyngeal canal = palatovaginal canal
• ±vomerovaginal canal
  

• sphenoid bone

• body

• rostrum

• pterygoid process

• medial pterygoid plate

• vaginal plate
• tuberosity
• posterior opening for pterygoid canal
• scaphoid fossa
• hamulus
  

• pterygoid fossa
• lateral pterygoid plate
  

• great wing
  

• foramen ovale
• foramen spinosum
• spinous process = sphenoidal spine
  

• spinous process
  

• foramen lacerum

• sulcus tubae auditivae = groove for auditory tube

• petrosphenoidal fissure

• temporal bone

• petrous part

• apex

• anterior orifice of carotid canal

• rough surface for attachment of Levator veli palatini
• carotid canal
• depression for aqueductus cochleae
• vaginal process
• stylomastoid foramen
  

• ridge dividing carotid canal from jugular fossa

• inferior tympanic canaliculus

• jugular fossa

• mastoid canaliculus

• styloid process

• tympanic part

• posterior part of mandibular fossa

• squamous part

• petrotympanic fissure
• anterior part of mandibular fossa
• articular tubercle
  

• tympanomastoid fissure

• mastoid part

• mastoid process
• mastoid notch
• occipital groove
  

• petro-occipital fissure
• jugular foramen
  

• occipital bone

• basilar part

• pharyngeal tubercle
• depression for Rectus capitis anterior
• depression for Longus capitis
  

• foramen magnum

• basion
• opisthion
  

• lateral parts = condylar parts

• hypoglossal canal = anterior condyloid foramen
• occipital condyle
• tubercle for alar ligament
• condyloid fossa
• condyloid canal
• jugular process
  

• squamous part

• median nuchal line
• external ocipital protuberance
• inferior nuchal line
• superior nuchal line